Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) Biology Practice Test

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Why must haploid cells participate in fertilization?

To ensure genetic diversity
To contribute to the chromosome count
To produce more diploid cells
To allow for vegetative reproduction

The correct answer is: To contribute to the chromosome count

Haploid cells must participate in fertilization to contribute to the chromosome count in the resulting zygote. In sexually reproducing organisms, haploid cells (such as sperm and egg) each contain half the number of chromosomes compared to diploid cells. When these haploid gametes fuse during fertilization, they combine their genetic material and restore the diploid state in the zygote, which is essential for normal development. This process ensures that the offspring has the correct number of chromosomes, maintaining stability across generations. While genetic diversity is a consequence of sexual reproduction, and producing more diploid cells is important for growth and development, the central reason for the involvement of haploid cells in fertilization focuses on achieving the proper diploid chromosome complement in the new organism. Vegetative reproduction is unrelated to fertilization, as it involves asexual processes.