Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) Biology Practice Test

Which of the following best explains the concept of competition?

1. Organisms working together for survival

2. Different species thriving in the same environment

3. Two organisms of the same species vying for limited resources

4. Species avoiding interaction with one another

The correct answer is: Two organisms of the same species vying for limited resources

Competition refers to the interaction that occurs when individuals or organisms strive to obtain the same limited resources, such as food, water, space, or mates, which are necessary for their survival and reproduction. In the context of this question, the correct choice highlights that two organisms of the same species engage in a struggle for these finite resources. This scenario emphasizes the competitive dynamics that can arise when individuals have overlapping needs, which can impact their growth, survival, and overall fitness. The other choices present alternative ecological interactions but do not accurately embody the essence of competition. For example, organisms working together for survival refers to cooperation or mutualism, where both parties benefit. Different species thriving in the same environment suggests a coexistence that may not be competitive, as it implies that resources are either abundant or that species have differentiated niches. Lastly, species avoiding interaction with one another leans toward a non-competitive relationship, where the lack of interaction suggests minimal competition for resources.