Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) Biology Practice Test

Which joint issue is primarily caused by damaged cartilage?

1. Increased flexibility

2. Pain and limited movement

3. Swelling and stiffness

4. Enhanced mobility

The correct answer is: Pain and limited movement

Damaged cartilage primarily leads to pain and limited movement in joints. Cartilage serves as a cushion between bones in a joint, allowing for smooth movement and absorbing shock. When the cartilage is damaged, the bones can rub against each other, resulting in discomfort and pain. This can complicate movement, leading to restrictions in the range of motion. Increased flexibility and enhanced mobility are not typically associated with damaged cartilage; rather, such conditions imply a lack of restrictions, which is opposite to what occurs with cartilage damage. Swelling and stiffness may occur alongside pain, but the primary issue stemming from damaged cartilage is the direct impact it has on causing pain and overcoming limitations in joint mobility. Thus, the correct association is pain and limited movement as a direct consequence of the damage to the cartilage.